HISTORY OF DELHI              

The Delhi Sultanate is a term used to cover five short-lived dynasties, Delhi based kingdoms or sultanates, mostly of Turkic and Pashtun (Afghan) origin in mediaeval India. The sultanates ruled from Delhi between 1206 and 1526, when the last was replaced by the Mughal dynasty. 

The Sultanate ushered in a period of Indian cultural renaissance. The resulting "Indo-Muslim" fusion of cultures left lasting syncretic monuments in architecture,music, literature, religion and clothing.    

                                                                                                       MAMLUK

Muhammad Ghori (d. 1206) had extended his state southwards at the expense of the Ghaznavidsas far as Lahore and much of Rajasthan and the Punjab and appointed Qutub-ud-din Aibak asgovernor of this part of his realm. A slave of Cuman-Kipchak origin, he proclaimed independence after the death of his patron and ruled from Delhi. His line is therefore known as the Slave (Mamluk) Dynasty on account of his origin. Iltutmish was the most able ruler of the Mamluk Sultanate. He trebled the exchequer during his reign. He was followed by Razia Sultana, his daughter, who was a good administrator and the first female sovereign in India.  Balban succeeded her and ruled until 1286 CE. The Mamluk dynasty came to an end in 1290.

                                                KHALJI

The Khalji dynasty were the second Muslim dynasty to rule the Delhi Sultanate. .

The first ruler of this dynasty was Jalal-ud-din Feroz Shah Khalji. He was a weak ruler and adopted a lenient policy towards the Mongols. He was succeeded by his nephew Ali Gurshap, who took the title of Ala-ud-din. He became the Sultan of Delhi in 1296 CE. He broughtGujarat and Malwa under his rule. He was the most able ruler in the Khalji dynasty. The last Khalji ruler was Khusrau Malik. He was weak and thus, the Tughluqs captured the throne of Delhi.

                             TUGHLAQ

The Tughlaq dynasty lasted for close to a hundred years.  It produced two powerful Sultans, Muhammad bin Tughluq and Firoz Shah Tughlaq. Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq (1320–1325), an efficient military commander, was the first ruler of the dynasty. He was succeeded by Jauna Khan, who took the title of Muhammad bin Tughluq and became the most able ruler of the Tughluq dynasty.  He died in 1351 CE He was succeeded by Firoz Shah Tughlaq (1351–1388) who was very successful as a reformer.

                                         SAYYID

The Sayyid dynasty ruled Delhi Sultanate in India from 1414 to 1451. They succeeded the Tughlaq dynasty and ruled the Sultanate until they were displaced by the Lodi dynasty.

                                                    LODI

The Lodi Dynasty was a Pashtun dynasty that was the last Delhi Sultanate. The dynasty founded by Bahlul Khan Lodi ruled from 1451 to 1526. The last ruler of this dynasty, Ibrahim Lodi was defeated and killed by Babur in the first Battle of Panipat on April 20, 1526.